Copy of SOC205 Exam 1 Study Guide

.docx

School

Moreno Valley College *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

Subject

Statistics

Date

Apr 28, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by HiMom12345678 on coursehero.com

Stats 205: Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences Exam 1 Study Guide The following are key terms, concepts, and computations that will help you prepare for the exam. Review rounding rules, symbols, formulas, key terms, class notes, assigned readings, example problems, and homework. I will not provide an answer key to this study guide. I suggest working with your classmates by posting answers in the Peer-to-Peer Q&A forum. You may also make an appointment with me and/or visit me during open office hours. Best wishes preparing for the exam. You got this! Module 1 Key terms and concepts: ● What are statistics? - It is a field of study concerned with summarizing data, interpreting data, and making decisions based on data. (ii) A quantity calculated in a sample to estimate a value in a population is called a "statistic." ● Why are statistics important? Statistics are used to make judgments on data and can make you a more intellectual consumer. You want to be able to interpret the data around you. ● What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics? Descriptive statistics are numbers that are used to summarize and describe data. The branch of statistics concerned with drawing conclusions about a population from a sample. ● What are variables? Know the different levels of measurement. Variables are properties or characteristics of some event, object, or person that can take on different values or amounts (as opposed to constants such as π that do not vary).  Nominal : Names/categories. Example question could be, "What is your favorite grocery store?" Responses might be: Costco, Vons, Sprouts, Trader Joe's, etc. Note that the variable is "favorite grocery store". Some of possible responses are listed, but there can be many more. These responses can be seen as names or categories, which is a nominal level of measurement.  Ordinal : Order/rank. These are names (nominal) that can be ordered or ranked . An example is job title: cashier, supervisor, manager. Note that the variable is "Job Title". Some possible responses are listed, but there are other possibilities. The point here is that these names/categories can be ordered or ranked. Therefore, the variable "Job Title" is considered an ordinal level of measurement.  Interval : Numeric responses with no meaningful zero. For example, IQ scores, attitudes on a scale of 1 to 5, certain temperatures, etc. Since these are numeric with no true zero, it will be referred to as interval level of measurement.

 Ratio : Numeric responses with a meaningful zero. For example, how many units are you taking this semester? How much money do you have saved? etc. These are numeric responses with a true zero, so it will be referred to as a ratio level of measurement. ● Know the difference between independent and dependent variables. Independent variable  Factor manipulated, or controlled by the researcher.  Presumed cause or influence effecting the dependent variable.  Example: researcher may control for SEX; could be categorized as female, male, non-binary, a third sex, etc. Dependent variable  Presumed outcome or effect resulting from some treatment or exposure.  A measurable behavior exhibited by the participant.  Dependents on the independent variable.  Example: Alcohol consumption ● Know the difference between the alternative hypothesis and null hypothesis. Ha: Researcher wishes to support. Null hypothesis (H0): Researcher wishes to reject. ● What is the scientific method and what are the basics in data collection? In a typical application of the scientific method, a researcher develops a hypothesis, tests it through various means, and then modifies the hypothesis on the basis of the outcome of the tests and experiments Keyboard Design and Typing Performance Study A human factors psychologist conducted a study to determine if there were differences in typing performance between three different computer keyboard designs among university students. Seventy-five participants from the university were recruited to participate in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to use one of the three computer keyboards (A, B, or C) to type the same written material. Afterwards the number of errors committed by each participant was recorded. Results of the study indicated that there were significantly fewer errors made when participants used Keyboard C. There were no other significant differences in typing performance. Using the above scenario, answer questions 1-8 below: Hypotheses: 1. Null hypothesis There will not be a difference in typing performance between different keyboard designs amongst the university students

2. Research hypothesis There will be a difference in typing performance between different keyboard designs amongst the university students Variables: 3. Independent variable Keyboard Design 4. Dependent variable Typing performance Provide three survey question examples that could be used to measure the dependent variable stated in #5 above. The examples should be one of each of the three levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, Scale). Each example should be the complete question and the type of answer must be shown. Before the example, write the level of measurement represented (level of measurement: survey questions and responses). 5. Nominal: What is the number of errors during the typing test along with the test time 6. Ordinal: Which one of the categories best suits the typing performance? Very Bad, Bad, OK, Good, Excellent 7. Scale: On a scale of 1-10, how would you rate the typing performance? 1 — 2 —3 — 4 — 5 — 6 --- 7— 8 —9 –-10 Worst Best In a survey, respondents were asked the following questions. Indicate the level of measurement and measure of central tendency you COULD use. 8. To what extent do you like to sleep late in the mornings? 1 2 3 4 5 Not very much Very Much

Ordinal 9. Which ethnic group do you identify with? (circle one) Asian American Caucasian African American Latino/Latina Middle Eastern American Native American None Other (write your answer here) ____________________________ Nominal 10. Do you drive to school? (circle one answer) YES NO Nominal 11. How many text messages do you send, on average, each day? ____Nominal____ 12. How tall are you in inches? __SCale______ Module 2 Key terms and concepts: ● Know the difference between quantitative and qualitative variables. Qualitative Variables Categorical Variable Also known as categorical variables, qualitative variables are variables with no natural sense of ordering. They are therefore measured on a nominal scale. For instance, hair color Quantitative Variable Variables that are measured on a numeric or quantitative scale. Ordinal, interval and ratio scales are quantitative. A country’s population, a person’s shoe size, or a car’s speed are all quantitative variables. ● What type of graphs are most appropriate for graphing qualitative data/quantitative data? stem and leaf displays, (2) histograms, (3) frequency polygons, (4) box plots, (5) bar charts, (6) line graphs, (7) scatter plots (discussed in a different chapter ), and (8) dot plots. ● Review the differences between histograms, frequency polygons, bar charts, and line graphs.. ● Know the difference between class interval and interval size. Know how to compute each.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Recommended textbooks for you

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...

Algebra

ISBN:9780079039897

Author:Carter

Publisher:McGraw Hill

Calculus For The Life Sciences

Calculus

ISBN:9780321964038

Author:GREENWELL, Raymond N., RITCHEY, Nathan P., Lial, Margaret L.

Publisher:Pearson Addison Wesley,

Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...

Algebra

ISBN:9781680331141

Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT

Publisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...

Algebra

ISBN:9780547587776

Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Elementary Algebra

Algebra

ISBN:9780998625713

Author:Lynn Marecek, MaryAnne Anthony-Smith

Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University

Elementary Geometry For College Students, 7e

Geometry

ISBN:9781337614085

Author:Alexander, Daniel C.; Koeberlein, Geralyn M.

Publisher:Cengage,

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Calculus For The Life Sciences
Calculus
ISBN:9780321964038
Author:GREENWELL, Raymond N., RITCHEY, Nathan P., Lial, Margaret L.
Publisher:Pearson Addison Wesley,
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...
Algebra
ISBN:9781680331141
Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT
Publisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Elementary Algebra
Algebra
ISBN:9780998625713
Author:Lynn Marecek, MaryAnne Anthony-Smith
Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University
Elementary Geometry For College Students, 7e
Geometry
ISBN:9781337614085
Author:Alexander, Daniel C.; Koeberlein, Geralyn M.
Publisher:Cengage,