Module 3 - Reading Assignment

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Arizona State University *

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Apr 3, 2024

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1 Module 3: Reading Assignment Brianna Peebles Arizona State University CRJ 309: Criminology Professor Allen July 20, 2023
2 Case Study - The Spahalski Brothers 1. Being identical twins explains a portion of the reasons behind the brothers acting on criminal behavior. While genetics plays a significant role in the lifestyles that twins choose based on them having, in this case, a completely identical genetic makeup, it is not the only thing to take into consideration. Backlash on the idea of criminality concordance rates being high in twins came from criticism stating “identical twin children are typically dressed the same by their parents, as well as treated the same by the public. In other words, they are not only treated the same by society but also generally expected to behave the same.” (Schram & Tibbetts, 2020, p.132). However, in the case of the Spahalski brothers, without further research into their childhood environments, it is hard to distinguish between the idea of nature versus nurture. 2. Looking into the individual crimes of the brothers, the conclusion can be reached that the actions they took had a deeper basis in genetics over their upbringing. While serving in prison, Stephen made the comment of “I thought I was the only murderer in the family” (Schram & Tibbetts, 2020, p. 129) which serves to tell us they did not collaborate about the crimes they committed. There have been many twin studies completed looking at concordance based on genetics and environments. While looking at criticism of these studies comparing genetics and environment, Jay Joseph stated “the falsity of the equal environment assumption means only that genetic factors will be exaggerated, when in fact it indicates that, like family studies, the twin method cannot reliably distinguish possible environmental and genetic influence.” (Joseph, 2001, p. 189). With that idea, it can be concluded that while genetics plays the major role in the development of criminal
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