Hydraulic System and Components Matthew Skelton
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Hydraulic System and Components
Matthew A. Skelton
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
AMNT 270: Airframe Structures & Application
Professor Brandon Gelb
December 4, 2022
1
From small to large aircraft hydraulic systems are in use to assist the pilot in controlling
the aircraft. Smaller and light aircraft may only use hydraulics for braking while larger aircraft
will use hydraulics to help in the control of flight controls, sure beats the days of flying using
only wires and cables. Hydraulic systems are comprised of many different components and
require safety precautions when performing maintenance due to the fluid and the pressure the
fluid is under which ranges from about 3000 psi to 5000 psi for most aircraft (Skybrary, n.d.).
There are three major components to a hydraulic system and they are the hydraulic pump,
motor and the system plumbing (Skybrary, n.d.). The pump, in which its name implies, pumps
the fluid into the system to create the fluid pressure. The next component is the hydraulic motor
which converts the pressure from the fluid into a mechanical output, an example of this would be
the motor on the vertically driven landing gear found on a C-130 (Skybrary, n.d.). Now the most
complex part of the system is the plumbing. The plumbing is comprised of a reservoir, filters,
shut off valves, control valves, pressure relief valves, hydraulic fuses, and accumulators
(Skybrary, n.d.). A reservoir is used to hold an optimized amount of fluid needed to provide a
ready source to pumps and the system, this will vary with aircraft needs. Filters are used to
protect the system and keep contaminants out of the fluid and system. Shut off valves are
typically found near the engine firewall and are used in the event of an engine fire to cut off fluid
supply and prevent the fluid from catching fire. Control valves control where the fluid goes, a
component such as the flaps will have an up and downside to the motor and depending on what
the input is the control valve will send fluid to the correct side to move flaps (Skybrary, n.d.).
Pressure relief valves are in place to ensure system pressure does not exceed what the system can
handle, this is important because damage to the system, aircraft and surrounding personnel could
be serious is the system reach too high of pressure. Now if system pressure becomes too low then
2
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