Expermint 3-Torsion Test
.docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Washington State University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
225
Subject
Mechanical Engineering
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
8
Uploaded by BailiffStarCheetah18 on coursehero.com
Met 225
Torsion Test September 11
th
,2023
Aaliyah Ashley aashl009@odu.edu
Torsion Test Purpose:
The purpose of this lab was to see how the material would respond to being repeatedly twisted. Also, using the torsion test can determine the Proportional limits, yield strengths in shear, shearing resilience, and stiffness. Seeing how the much steel rod will twist until it fractures. Theoretical Considerations:
The theoretical considerations of the experiment were the relationship between shear modulus of rigidity and tensile modulus of elasticity. Which is when we are seeing if that is true and if can be proven to be true.
Description Apparatus:
1.
10k Torsional Machine:
The 10k Torsional Machine has a cover on for safety purposes. There is a 602 controller
that has several keys. Two of the keys are for speed, one is to increase the speed and the other is to decrease the speed. There are two heads, one is attached to the box of the machine, while the other is on a slider where it can be pushed further away from the
other head or closer to it. On top of those heads are knobs that tighten the piece into place. There are rings that are on the face of the head that need to be in the same circle. And inside where the bar is going, there are connectors that have teeth and gears
to keep the steel rod in place.
Procedure:
1.
A micrometer caliper was used to determine the mean of the steel specimen near
the mid-length.
2.
The shearing proportional limit of 0.6 of the tensile proportional limits and the shearing modulus of rupture as equal to the tensile strength was assumed.
3.
Serval readings were taken before and after the proportional limits. The speed Sp was set to 10 degrees/minute (Sp1). The proportional limit was reached, the speed Sp was increased 60 degrees/minute (Sp2).
4.
The gage length of 8 inches for the ductility computation was assumed.
5.
The specimen was inserted into the two heads, and the chuck end grips were tightened.
6.
The 10k torsional machine was set to zero prior to the test.
7.
Readings were taken from the 602 controller LCD screen. At the top of the screen, the applied torque was shown in lbs-in and below the rotation in degrees.
8.
They torque was applied at Sp 1. The proportional limit was reached the machine was stopped and the rotational speed was increased to Sp 2. The load was applied until it fractured. 9.
The steel specimen fractured and was removed, and observations were made.
Data Tables:
Mean Of Diameter (in)
0.753
Whole Length of Bar (in)
14.75
Gage Length (in)
9.937
Readings Torque (lb-in)
Angle Deflection (radians)
Shear Stress(τ) (MPa)
Shear Strain(Y)
(radians)
1
180.50
0.0285
14.85
0.0036
2
279.17
0.0538
22.96
0.0067
3
535.45
0.0988
44.04
0.0123
4
678.81
0.1274
55.83
0.0159
5
820.53
0.1553
67.48
0.0194
6
1027.2
0.1789
84.48
0.0223
7
1269.2
0.2039
104.38
0.0255
8
1820.3
0.2529
149.71
0.0316
9
2036.9
0.2634
167.52
0.0329
10
2695.3
0.3196
221.67
0.0399
11
2848.5
0.3890
234.27
0.0486
12
3205.8
1.4364
263.66
0.1795
13
3652.4
2.3108
300.39
0.2889
14
3927.5
2.9866
323.01
0.3733
15
4095.6
3.4704
336.84
0.4338
16
4351.1
4.3413
357.85
0.5426
17
4546.6
5.1576
373.93
0.6447
18
4874.5
6.8382
400.90
0.8547
19
4965.4
7.4468
408.37
0.9308
20
5035.2
7.9473
414.11
0.9934
21
5290.6
10.1806
435.12
1.2725
22
5392.0
11.2399
443.46
1.4049
23
5567.0
13.4985
457.85
1.6873
24
5723.0
15.9795
470.68
1.9974
25
5811.8
17.6296
477.98
2.2037
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Questions
Using the tensile test simulation tool,
a. generate the stress-strain curve for aluminum
b. Indicate the following points in the stress-strain curve for aluminum and give the corresponding values:
limit of proportionality
elastic limit
0.2% offset yield stress (include the graph illustrating how this was determined)
ultimate stress
fracture stress
c. Calculate modulus of elasticity.
d. compare aluminum with nylon (include the related graph) and answer the following:
Which has higher tensile strength? Provide the necessary values to support the answer.
Which is stiffer? Support your answer with calculations.
arrow_forward
T.
T*LT
eJ*ee
Fig(3)
Fig(2)
Fig(1)
Discussion :
1- Through the results of the experiment and graphs, what is the effect of the following factors on the twisting of a material if it has a fixed length:
L.(Material Type, G, J, Stiffness)
2- Which is better in torsion applications, solid columns or hollow columns, if they are made of one material and have the same external length, ang diameter, reinforce
answer practically and theoretically by comparing the properties (Mass, J, G). 3- What is the effect
of increasing the length of the axes or columns on the angle of torsion with the stability of the material and the load?
4- Are there positive applications of convolution? Give examples.
arrow_forward
02: A steel specimen 12mm diameter has gauge length 50mm. the steel specimen
had tested via tensile test under maximum load 66KN with elongation 7.5mm,
and the yield load of this specimen is 15KN with elongation 2.4mm. Calculate:
1- The engineering ultimate stress (ultimate tensile strength), and engineering
strain at this point.
2- The engineering stress and strain at yield point.
3- The modulus of elasticity, and the modulus of resilience.
4- The final or fracture strain of a steel specimen, if you know that the final length
of specimen after testing is 58.5mm.
5- The true stress and strain for ultimate point.
arrow_forward
Mild steel 1
Young;s modulus 1219.5
Yield strain and stress (0.4101,500.08)
Failure stress and strain :not able to find because the given data shows the experiment did not reach the failure point.
if the material stress and strain does not reach a failure point ,what dose it means , does it means that the material is more stronger?
arrow_forward
An electric car manufacturer is looking to utilize some stock AISI 8740, hot rolled
steel bars that are around 2 inches in diameter for their conveyor system that is
being set up to start producing their own batteries. The data sheet shows the the
bars to have 132,000 psi tensile strength, 87,500 psi yield strength, and 16.7%
elongation. A hardness of 262 Bhn allows it to be finish machined after heat
treatment. They keep their workspace at 70°F.
What is the working endurance strength, Se?
39,750 psi
28,562 psi
42,500 psi
33,400 psi
arrow_forward
10. Measure the diameter of impression using the profile projector and compute for the
hardness number using the formula:
Where:
2P
P – Applied Load
D - Diameter of steel ball (8.0 mm)
BHN
«D(D- /D²
– d²
d - Ave. diameter of indentation
|
Raw data:
Diameter
Specimen (carbon steel)
d1
d2
Air cooled
5.13
5.22
Oil quenched
Water quenched
4.12
4.36
3.74
3.81
Note: All dimensions are in mm.
arrow_forward
In the First project: you have been asked to perform tensile testing for four different materialsand analyse the results and work on some NDT process selection:a. For the results shown in Table 1 of the tensile testing that you have performed, find thefollowing, if you know that the original length of specimen is 20.8 mm and the original diameteris 6.4 mm. Fill the calculated results in the summary table below (Table 1):1. Plot the engineering stress versus engineering strain for each material and L-D Diagram.2. Compute the modulus of elasticity, E in GPa.3. Determine the yield strength at a strain offset of 0.002.4. Determine the tensile strength in MPa.5. What is the approximate %El ductility, measured by percent elongation?6. Compute the modulus of resilience.7. Determine the fracture stress in MPa.8. Compute the final area (Af) in mm2.
arrow_forward
A three-point bending test was performed on an aluminum oxide specimen having a circular cross section of radius 5.6 mm; the
specimen fractured at a load of 4280 N when the distance between support points was 43 mm. Another test is to be performed on a
specimen of this same material, but one that has a square cross section of 18 mm in length on each edge. At what load would you
expect this specimen to fracture if the support point separation is maintained at 43 mm?
Ff=
N
arrow_forward
Q7_What is the difference between true strain and engineering strain? What
is the relationship that binds them?
Q8_ When do the "ears" appear in drawn cup, through cup drawing tests?
Q9_Could we use results of tensile tests predict impact failure behavior, why?
Q10_Could you estimate ductile-to-brittle transition temperatures for metals
having hexagonal close-packed structure, why?
Q11_Can creep of metals happen in room temperature, when?
Solve a question 7_8_9_10_11
arrow_forward
If material A is observed to have twice the modulus of rigidity but the same Poisson's ratio and yield shear stress than that of material B, then which of
the following comparisons is always true?
Select one:
Material A can resist higher normal stresses than material B can before permanent normal deformations occur.
O b
For the same load that brings the materials to plastic behavior, material A will experience larger permanent shear deformations than material B.
Material A can resist higher shear stresses than material B before permanent shear deformations occur.
O d. Material B is has a lower ultimate stress than material A.
arrow_forward
A rod specimen of ductile cast iron was tested in a torsion-testing machine. The rod diameter was 16 mm,
and the rod length was 360 mm. When the applied torque reached 254.8 N-m, a shear strain of 1780
microradians was measured in the specimen. What was the angle of twist in the specimen?
Part 1
Calculate the shear stress in the specimen.
Correct
Answer:
T= 316.97
eTextbook and Media
Part 2
Correct
Use Hooke's Law to calculate the shear modulus of the specimen.
answer:
G= 178073.034
Part 3
eTextbook and Media
Incorrect
MPa
Answer:
Calculate the angle of twist in the specimen.
D=0.8006
MPa
O
Attempts: 1 of 5 used
Attempts: 1 of 5 used
arrow_forward
Question One
a) In a tensile test, material mechanical properties are determined by relating deformations to the applied
forces.
i. Sketch a typical specimen used in such tests and on it indicate two important dimensions
i Sketch the difference you would cxpect in tensile and compressive deformations
Sketch a stress-strain curve/graph you would expect from such a test and on it indicate how you
would obtain (1) Young's modulus, E(2) clastic limit,oei(3) yield strength ay and (4) ultimate
tensile strength duTS
ii.
b) In such a test, as the one in (a) above, a specimen manufactured from steel, and had an original diameter
of 12.8 mm and gauge length of 50.8 mm. The resulting data, stress and strain, is listed in the table below.
Strain
0.007 0018
0.032
005
0 052
0.056
0.06
0.005
0072
0.076
011
0.15
017
022
024
(m/ m)
Stress
80.8
218
390
540
600
630.
650
640
634
643
745
851
885
815
770
(MPa)
By plotting stresses on the vertical axis and strains on the horizontal axis, plot a stress-strain…
arrow_forward
Calculate the yield strength, tensile strength, strain and Young’s Modulus of a cylindrical tensile test specimen with original dimensions, 21mm length and 5mm diameter, if at the limit of its elastic deformation the force exerted in a tensile test was 3120N and the maximum force the material withstood was 4125N. At its elastic limit the specimen was found to have a length of 23.5 mm.
arrow_forward
Q2/ Aluminum tensile specimen with 12.5mm diameter, a gauge length of 50.8mm and the final
diameter was 10.5mm.
• Plot the engineering stress-strain curve and the true stress- strain curve.
Determine proportion limit, young's modulus, the yield point, the ultimate tensile strength,
the failure stress on drawing?
• Determine Ductility?
• Determine Resilience modulus and toughness modulus?
0.006 0.008 0.012 0.017
Strain mm/mm
Apparent Stress N/mm 100
0.004
0.22
0.25
0.27
150
200
290
325
480
450
410
True stress N/mm
100.1
150.3 201
326
400
500
550
620
arrow_forward
Question 3:
Describe how the compatibility equation of deformation can be used to solve statical
indeterminate structures?
arrow_forward
10. A standard steel specimen of 0.504" diameter elongated 0.0125" in an 8" gage length during a test where it was subjected
to a tensile force of 6249 lb. If the specimen's gage length was measured to be 8.0025" after the test was over, what was the
permanent plastic deformation? What is the elastic deformation and what is the modulus of elasticity of that metal?
r PL
AE
arrow_forward
Bronze alloy, the following true stresses produce the corresponding plastic true strains, before to necking: On the basis of this information, compute the true stress necessary to produce a true strain of 0.25 and then find the engineering stress and strain at this point. True stresses (MPa) True strain 354 0121 70 018
arrow_forward
10. A torsion test shows that the shear modulus of an aluminumspecimen is 4.6 x 106psi. When the same specimen is used in atensile test, the modulus of elasticity is found to be 12.2 x 106psi. Find the Poisson’s ratio for the specimen.
arrow_forward
Stress (MPa)
1000-
800
600
400-
200
0
0.0
- PMMA 1%
TPU 1%
Ultem 1%
Pristine
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Strain (%)
2.0
2.4
2.8
arrow_forward
Q5/ The Stress-strain diagram of any ductile metal or alloys reveals several critical points. Based on
your understanding of this diagram, plot it schematically (without scale) and specify the following
points:
1. Tensile streng th
2. Yield strength
3. At what stage the necking occurs
4. The fracture strength
5. The elastic zone
6. The Plastic zone
7. Young modulus of elasticity
arrow_forward
At higher temperature, strength and strain hardening are increased,
whereas, ductility is decreased which permits greater plastic
deformation
True
False O
Saaly i
The strength constant (C) is increased with increasing of temperature
True O
False O
The metal is becoming weaker as strain increases, this is because of
.strain hardening (work hardening) property
True O
False O
ly
The engineering stress and strain are defined relative to the
instantaneous area and length of test specimen
True O
False O
In sheetmetal working processes, the surface area-to-volume ratio of
.w.p. is low
True O
False O
aly ihi Determine the value of the strain-hardening exponent for a metal that will
cause the average flow stress to be 70% of the final flow stress after
deformation
0.444
0.421
0.422
0.428
aaly i
For pure copper (annealed), the strength coefficient = 330 MPa and
strain-hardening exponent = 0.52 in the flow curve equation. Determine
the average flow stress that the metal experiences if it is…
arrow_forward
A torsion test most often is performed on shafts to determine the material and/or the torsional properties of the
material. Your role in a recognized material testing company is to determine the material of a circular bar from
experimental data of angle of twist obtained from a torsion test to be selected later in a design of a gearbox
machine. The datasheet provides the following tables:
Modulus of Rigidity (GPa)
60 < G < 80
Material
Aluminum Alloy 1100-H14
Gray Cast-Iron
200 < G < 300
The shafts have the following details:
Shafts Geometrical Details
Gauge Length (mm)
Diameter (mm)
144.53
23.5
The data obtained from the test are collected for shaft A are presented by the following testing data
table:
Shaft A
Torque KN.m
Twist Angle
(Degree)
32.45
15.81
110.92
110.92
Elastic Range
Your manger asked you to perform the following:
1- Calculate the polar 2nd moment of inertia in mm*.
2- Determine the materials of shaft A using the tests data and datasheet, explain your results.
3- Plot the…
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Elements Of Electromagnetics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780134319650
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781259822674
Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118170519
Author:Norman S. Nise
Publisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781337093347
Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. Gere
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118807330
Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. Bolton
Publisher:WILEY
Related Questions
- Using the tensile test simulation tool, a. generate the stress-strain curve for aluminum b. Indicate the following points in the stress-strain curve for aluminum and give the corresponding values: limit of proportionality elastic limit 0.2% offset yield stress (include the graph illustrating how this was determined) ultimate stress fracture stress c. Calculate modulus of elasticity. d. compare aluminum with nylon (include the related graph) and answer the following: Which has higher tensile strength? Provide the necessary values to support the answer. Which is stiffer? Support your answer with calculations.arrow_forwardT. T*LT eJ*ee Fig(3) Fig(2) Fig(1) Discussion : 1- Through the results of the experiment and graphs, what is the effect of the following factors on the twisting of a material if it has a fixed length: L.(Material Type, G, J, Stiffness) 2- Which is better in torsion applications, solid columns or hollow columns, if they are made of one material and have the same external length, ang diameter, reinforce answer practically and theoretically by comparing the properties (Mass, J, G). 3- What is the effect of increasing the length of the axes or columns on the angle of torsion with the stability of the material and the load? 4- Are there positive applications of convolution? Give examples.arrow_forward02: A steel specimen 12mm diameter has gauge length 50mm. the steel specimen had tested via tensile test under maximum load 66KN with elongation 7.5mm, and the yield load of this specimen is 15KN with elongation 2.4mm. Calculate: 1- The engineering ultimate stress (ultimate tensile strength), and engineering strain at this point. 2- The engineering stress and strain at yield point. 3- The modulus of elasticity, and the modulus of resilience. 4- The final or fracture strain of a steel specimen, if you know that the final length of specimen after testing is 58.5mm. 5- The true stress and strain for ultimate point.arrow_forward
- Mild steel 1 Young;s modulus 1219.5 Yield strain and stress (0.4101,500.08) Failure stress and strain :not able to find because the given data shows the experiment did not reach the failure point. if the material stress and strain does not reach a failure point ,what dose it means , does it means that the material is more stronger?arrow_forwardAn electric car manufacturer is looking to utilize some stock AISI 8740, hot rolled steel bars that are around 2 inches in diameter for their conveyor system that is being set up to start producing their own batteries. The data sheet shows the the bars to have 132,000 psi tensile strength, 87,500 psi yield strength, and 16.7% elongation. A hardness of 262 Bhn allows it to be finish machined after heat treatment. They keep their workspace at 70°F. What is the working endurance strength, Se? 39,750 psi 28,562 psi 42,500 psi 33,400 psiarrow_forward10. Measure the diameter of impression using the profile projector and compute for the hardness number using the formula: Where: 2P P – Applied Load D - Diameter of steel ball (8.0 mm) BHN «D(D- /D² – d² d - Ave. diameter of indentation | Raw data: Diameter Specimen (carbon steel) d1 d2 Air cooled 5.13 5.22 Oil quenched Water quenched 4.12 4.36 3.74 3.81 Note: All dimensions are in mm.arrow_forward
- In the First project: you have been asked to perform tensile testing for four different materialsand analyse the results and work on some NDT process selection:a. For the results shown in Table 1 of the tensile testing that you have performed, find thefollowing, if you know that the original length of specimen is 20.8 mm and the original diameteris 6.4 mm. Fill the calculated results in the summary table below (Table 1):1. Plot the engineering stress versus engineering strain for each material and L-D Diagram.2. Compute the modulus of elasticity, E in GPa.3. Determine the yield strength at a strain offset of 0.002.4. Determine the tensile strength in MPa.5. What is the approximate %El ductility, measured by percent elongation?6. Compute the modulus of resilience.7. Determine the fracture stress in MPa.8. Compute the final area (Af) in mm2.arrow_forwardA three-point bending test was performed on an aluminum oxide specimen having a circular cross section of radius 5.6 mm; the specimen fractured at a load of 4280 N when the distance between support points was 43 mm. Another test is to be performed on a specimen of this same material, but one that has a square cross section of 18 mm in length on each edge. At what load would you expect this specimen to fracture if the support point separation is maintained at 43 mm? Ff= Narrow_forwardQ7_What is the difference between true strain and engineering strain? What is the relationship that binds them? Q8_ When do the "ears" appear in drawn cup, through cup drawing tests? Q9_Could we use results of tensile tests predict impact failure behavior, why? Q10_Could you estimate ductile-to-brittle transition temperatures for metals having hexagonal close-packed structure, why? Q11_Can creep of metals happen in room temperature, when? Solve a question 7_8_9_10_11arrow_forward
- If material A is observed to have twice the modulus of rigidity but the same Poisson's ratio and yield shear stress than that of material B, then which of the following comparisons is always true? Select one: Material A can resist higher normal stresses than material B can before permanent normal deformations occur. O b For the same load that brings the materials to plastic behavior, material A will experience larger permanent shear deformations than material B. Material A can resist higher shear stresses than material B before permanent shear deformations occur. O d. Material B is has a lower ultimate stress than material A.arrow_forwardA rod specimen of ductile cast iron was tested in a torsion-testing machine. The rod diameter was 16 mm, and the rod length was 360 mm. When the applied torque reached 254.8 N-m, a shear strain of 1780 microradians was measured in the specimen. What was the angle of twist in the specimen? Part 1 Calculate the shear stress in the specimen. Correct Answer: T= 316.97 eTextbook and Media Part 2 Correct Use Hooke's Law to calculate the shear modulus of the specimen. answer: G= 178073.034 Part 3 eTextbook and Media Incorrect MPa Answer: Calculate the angle of twist in the specimen. D=0.8006 MPa O Attempts: 1 of 5 used Attempts: 1 of 5 usedarrow_forwardQuestion One a) In a tensile test, material mechanical properties are determined by relating deformations to the applied forces. i. Sketch a typical specimen used in such tests and on it indicate two important dimensions i Sketch the difference you would cxpect in tensile and compressive deformations Sketch a stress-strain curve/graph you would expect from such a test and on it indicate how you would obtain (1) Young's modulus, E(2) clastic limit,oei(3) yield strength ay and (4) ultimate tensile strength duTS ii. b) In such a test, as the one in (a) above, a specimen manufactured from steel, and had an original diameter of 12.8 mm and gauge length of 50.8 mm. The resulting data, stress and strain, is listed in the table below. Strain 0.007 0018 0.032 005 0 052 0.056 0.06 0.005 0072 0.076 011 0.15 017 022 024 (m/ m) Stress 80.8 218 390 540 600 630. 650 640 634 643 745 851 885 815 770 (MPa) By plotting stresses on the vertical axis and strains on the horizontal axis, plot a stress-strain…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University PressMechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSONThermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
- Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEYMechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage LearningEngineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY
Elements Of Electromagnetics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780134319650
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781259822674
Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118170519
Author:Norman S. Nise
Publisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781337093347
Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. Gere
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118807330
Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. Bolton
Publisher:WILEY