GEL111Homework6

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Stanly Community College *

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111

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Geology

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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3

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Christian Nelson Mr. Boomgarden GEL-111 12, February 2024 Chapter 6 Homework 4. Explain the typical source for each of these common minerals in sedimentary rock: quartz, clay, calcite. What transporting media can move sediment? What is the relationship between the flow velocity of a fluid and the size of sediment that the fluid carries? - Source: Quartz is the most common mineral in sedimentary rocks. It is a very stable mineral that is resistant to weathering. Quartz is derived from the weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Clay minerals: Clay minerals are formed by the weathering of other minerals. Clay minerals are very small and lightweight, so they can be easily transported by wind and water. Calcite: Calcite is formed from the precipitation of calcium carbonate from water or other solutions. Calcium carbonate is derived from the weathering of limestone and other carbonate rocks. Sediment can be transported by a variety of media, including wind, water, ice, and gravity. The flow velocity of a fluid is directly proportional to the size of sediment that it can carry. Faster- flowing fluids can transport larger particles. 6. Which of the sediments in Diagram B is more mature? What processes contribute to
increasing sediment maturity? - The more mature sediment is the sediment that is in round shapes in the Diagram B. Mature sediment has been transported further and has been more rounded by abrasion. Immature sediment is closer to its source and is more angular. Processes that contribute to increasing sediment maturity include transport, abrasion, and dissolution. 7. List clastic sedimentary rocks in order from coarsest, at the top, to finest, at the bottom. Do most clasts in a sandstone and a shale have the same composition? - clay (claystone, shale), silt (siltstone, shale), sand (sandstone), granules + pebbles + cobbles + boulders (conglomerate or breccia). The defining contrast lies in the composition: sandstone consists of particles sized like "sand," whereas shale is made up of particles of silt size or smaller. In terms of composition, shale contains a higher proportion of clay compared to sandstone. 8. How do you distinguish a conglomerate from a breccia, and how do you distinguish an arkose from a sandstone? - They bear a striking resemblance in appearance and structure to another sedimentary rock type called breccia. However, the primary distinction lies in their composition: conglomerates comprise rounded rock fragments, whereas breccias consist of angular and jagged rock fragments. Sandstone, a sedimentary rock primarily comprises quartz sand, yet it may also incorporate notable quantities of feldspar, occasionally with silt and clay. If the sandstone consists of over 90% quartz, it earns the designation of quartzose sandstone. Conversely, when feldspar content exceeds 25%, it's termed as arkose or arkosic sandstone.
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