Class Handout Ch 2 parts 2
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In-class discussion problems related to Ch. 2 parts 2.1-2.5
FIRE 311, Fall 2023
Class date: Jan 31, 2023 Prerequisites:
Basic knowledge from Ch. 2 and intro accounting classes
Questions for Chapter 2: Parts 2.1-2.5
1.
Why are publicly traded companies required to periodically disclose certain financial and other material information? Who regulates what information is disclosed?
SEC, To make a market for equity investors fair, To enable financing flow to and from companies
2.
What are the three main financial statements periodically disclosed by public companies? What information do they contain? Which statements show information of the results over time
and which statements are as of a specific date
(at a specific point in time)? Note: to answer this question, you may want to look at an example of financial statements for a fictitious company called Blue Sky, Inc. on pages 3-4 of this handout.
Balance Sheet: Assets, Liabilities Stockholder’s Equity, how they are financed ( Assets= Liability + Stockholder’s Equity) As of a specific date (Balances), Balance sheet balances at a specific date, financial position of a specific date
Income Statement: Expenses and Revenue, Financial Performance over a period of time ( sometimes annual, quarterly) Top like is Sales, and then deduct the cost, and then see net profits, we can also see intermediate profits, over the year Statement of Cash Flows: Cash inflows and outflows over time ( annual or quarterly), operating, investment, and financing Problems for Chapter 2: Parts 2.1-2.5
1
Problem 1 – Reading Information from financial statements
Blue Sky, Inc. is a small, publicly traded C-corporation that manufactures specialty parachuting equipment. Look at the Financial Statements of Blue Sky, inc. from the latest annual report attached below on pages 3 and 4. Can you answer the following question? Which financial statements do you look at to answer these questions?
a.
What was the revenue for the company in the latest year? Does this necessarily represent cash received by the company?
7.5 million 7.550 thousand $7,550,000 ( Income statement)
This is topline number b.
What was the EPS in the latest year? How is it calculated? Is it higher than the year prior?
EPS= Earnings Per Share EPS= Net Income/ # Shares of stock outstanding EPS+ 257,800/100,000= $2.58
257.8= 257,800
Declining EPS
c.
How much in dividend did Blue Sky pay to stockholders in the most recent year? How much was it per share and how much in total? Is the dividend expense considered as cost deducted on the income statement before calculating taxes? Is the dividend expense a cash expense?
Dividend Per Share= DPS= $0.48
Total Dividend= $48,000
The dividend is not tax-deductible on the income statement because of double taxation, investors have to pay taxes on the dividends. It is a cash expense Deduct interest expense, before doing taxes= Debt financing
Equity Financing is not tax-deductible 2
d.
Did inventory level increase or decrease from the end of 2021 to 2022? By how much? Does the change in inventory represent a use of cash or a source of cash for the company? Inventory increased= 1370,000-890,000= 480,000
An increase in inventory is a cash outflow Assets are ordered in terms of liquidity ( easiest to make liquid)
Current Term Assets= Within a year
Common Stock and Additional Paid-in-Capital are money they received from equity financing Retained Earnings= Liability ( claims against the asset)
You want to see positive cash flow and net income not negative Additional inventory decreases cash flow Cash flow from investing is long term assets
Cash flow from financing is equity and debt 3
Blue Sky, Inc.
Balance Sheet
As of December 31
All data in $ thousands
2022
2021
Assets
Cash
258.0
150.0
Accounts Receivable
450.0
350.0
Inventory
1,370.0
890.0
Total Current Assets
2,078.0
1,390.0
Plant & Equipment
5,800.0
5,160.0
Accumulated Depreciation
(1,010.0)
(890.0)
Net Plant & Equipment
4,790.0
4,270.0
Total Assets
6,868.0
5,660.0
2022
2021
Liabilities and Equity
Accounts Payable
570.0
480.0
Notes Payable
350.0
280.0
Total Current Liabilities
920.0
760.0
Long-term Debt
1,900.0
1,520.0
Common Stock (par $1)
100.0
80.0
Additional Paid-in-Capital
3,238.2
2,800.0
Retained Earnings
709.8
500.0
Total Stockholders' Equity
4,048.0
3,380.0
Total Liabilities and Equity
6,868.0
5,660.0
Latest Annual Financial Statement for Blue Sky, Inc.
Blue Sky, Inc.
Income Statement
For the year ended December 31
All data in $ thousands
2022
2021
Sales
7,550.0
6,150.0
Cost of Goods Sold
(5,750.0)
(4,550.0)
Gross Profit
1,800.0
1,600.0
Selling and G&A Expenses
(920.0)
(850.0)
Research and Development
(250.0)
(230.0)
EBITDA
630.0
520.0
Depreciation
(120.0)
(100.0)
Operating Income (EBIT)
510.0
420.0
Interest Expense
(152.0)
(121.0)
Pre-tax Income (EBT)
358.0
299.0
Income Tax
(100.2)
(83.7)
Net Income
257.8
215.3
Notes:
Shares Outstanding
100,000
80,000
Earnings per Share
$2.58
$2.69
Dividend per Share
$0.48
$0.45
4
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October 28 Paid the dividend declared on September 5.
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NAME:
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Problem #16
Shareholders' Equity Section
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27,000 shares
Dec. 31 Balance
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324,000
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216,000
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37,500
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37,500
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765,000
37,500
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