BIO250 Lab 5 assignment

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Miami Dade College, Miami *

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250

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Biology

Date

May 10, 2024

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docx

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Student Name: Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): Lab Report Format Expectations Utilize college level grammar and professional formatting when completing this worksheet. Submissions without proper formatting, all required photos or sufficient responses will be rejected. Pre-lab Questions • What is a model organism, and why is Saccharomyces cerevisiae so often used as one? A model organism is a little creature used by scientists to investigate larger organisms. They use them due of their simplicity and ease of comprehension, akin to a preview of the workings of more intricate organisms. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as baker's yeast, is a widely used model organism due to its rapid growth, ease of manipulation, and resemblance to more complex organisms in several aspects. Therefore, it is an excellent option for scientists to get knowledge about genetics, illnesses, and cellular mechanisms. • Research and discuss the properties of mold that make them sometimes beneficial to humans, and sometimes potentially harmful. Molds include both beneficial and detrimental aspects. They facilitate the production of culinary items such as cheese and soy sauce, as well as the manufacturing of medicinal substances like penicillin. Some individuals even engage in the task of mitigating pollution. Nevertheless, they may also elicit allergic reactions, generate detrimental poisons, and cause structural damage to structures. Although molds may have practical use, they also pose potential hazards that must be effectively controlled. • The lab guide discussed “acellular” organisms. What characteristics classify them as acellular? Would you consider these living organisms? Acellular entities, such as viruses and prions, lack cellular structures. Scientists engage in a discussion over the status of these entities as living beings due to their ability to reproduce and develop, similar to living organisms. However, they lack other crucial characteristics of life, such as metabolism and cellular structure. The classification of whether they should be regarded as living beings or not is not definitively determined. • Do some research and describe an acellular organism other than the two types discussed in the lab materials. A viroid is a specific example of an acellular creature. Viroids are minuscule pathogenic entities that exhibit a higher degree of simplicity compared to viruses. They consist of a short RNA

fragment devoid of any protein covering. Viroids are capable of infecting plants and inducing illnesses such as stunted development and leaf deformities. They reproduce by using the plant's inherent mechanism. Despite their potential for damage, they are not classified as living entities due to their lack of cells and inability to perform autonomous functions characteristic of living beings. EXPERIMENT 1: MOLD GROWTH ON BREAD AND FRUIT Introductory Questions • What is the objective of Experiment 1? What outcomes do you expect to observe from this experiment? The objective of Experiment 1 is to observe the growth of mold on bread and fruit under various settings. We want to determine the rate at which mold develops and the underlying factors contributing to this process. Over time, we anticipate the growth of mold on both the bread and the fruit. We will conduct a comparative analysis of the growth rate and visual characteristics of mold on each item. Next, we will determine the underlying factors that contribute to the differential growth of mold on one surface compared to the other. • In previous experiments, we have utilized agar to grow microorganisms. Why do you think we are utilizing bread and apples in this experiment? Why would agar not be an appropriate choice? The selection of bread and apples over agar for this experiment is based on pragmatic considerations. These products are often used in daily life, which makes the outcomes more relevant. In addition, they provide a variety of nutrients and textures, creating a diversified environment conducive to the formation of mold. Utilizing bread and apples streamlines the arrangement, since they are easily accessible and do not want specialized processing such as agar. Finally, the presence of mold on these goods may be easily detected without the need for specialist equipment, which makes analysis more readily available. • What was the purpose of examining three pieces of bread and three pieces of apple in each treatment? Examining three slices of bread and three slices of apple in each group enables us to have a more distinct understanding of the growth process of mold. By examining simply a single component, there is a risk of overlooking significant nuances or distinctions. Increasing the number of samples enables us to assess the uniformity of mold growth on each individual piece

and enhances our comprehension of the overall situation Data and Observations Record your observed mold growth in the table below. The data you include should be quantitative, rather than qualitative, such as the number of mold colonies denoted, or a percentage of the bread or apple covered in growth. Table 1: Mold Growth on Bread and Apple Samples Condition Day of First Visible Growth Extent of Growth on Bread (Mean) Extent of Growth on Apple (Mean) Bright, Control 7 LITTLE VERY LITTLE Bright, Water 6 LITTLE LITTLE Bright, Sugar 6 MODERATE MODERATE Bright, Lemon 8 VERY LITTLE VERY LITTLE Bright, Vinegar 0 NONE NONE Dark, Control 2 LITTLE LITTLE Dark, Water 3 LITTLE LITTLE Dark, Sugar 3 MODERATE VERY LITTLE Dark, Lemon 6 VERY LITTLE VERY LITTLE Dark, Vinegar 0 NONE NONE Include a high resolution photo that clearly shows your bread and apple samples as laid out below. Your photo must clearly show the mold growth denoted in your tabulated results , along with your handwritten name in the background for credit on this lab. Submissions that do not contain clear photos of the growth corresponding to the tabulated observations will not be accepted. Multiple photos may be included, if needed. Results and Discussion • Which condition produced the most mold growth? The least? The fastest? The slowest? The factor that facilitated the most significant proliferation of mold was the presence of bright sugar. In contrast, the settings containing bright and dark vinegars exhibited no growth and the lowest level of development. The settings that had the greatest fast expansion were Dark

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