RG 1B

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University of California, Los Angeles *

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Biology

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May 6, 2024

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pdf

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Name _____________________________________________ LS7C Week 1B Pre-Class Reading Guide Fill out this worksheet as you complete your pre-class assignments. Bring your completed worksheet to class to use as a reference for in-class activities. After completing your pre-class assignments, you should be able to: • Distinguish the potential for differentiation of totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent stem cells • Describe the different types of cell-cell junctions • Define microtubule, microfilament, and intermediate filament. • Explain how motor proteins actively move material around the cell • Explain how cell-cell junctions and the extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute to cells’ ability to form tissues and organs 1. Cells at each stage of development are described as totipotent, pluripotent, or multipotent stem cells. How is the differentiation potential of each of these stem cells unique? Based on your readings, explain the fate of each stem cell. 2. The figure below illustrates the signaling pathway of type 1 and type 2 cell differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans (roundworm). Identify the signal (contact-dependent or chemical), receptor (cell-surface or intracellular), signal transduction pathway, and cellular response for each signal transduction pathway. Explain in your own words how gene expression (Type 1 or 2 genes) is altered based on whether the EGF or Notch signal is received by a cell. & e/stage of development , they lose the potential to develop into any kind of cell ) fertilized egg = totipotent e can give rise to a complete organism 2) cells of inner cell mass are pluripotent -> give rise to any 3 germ layers > any cell body 3) cells further along are multipotent form a limited # of types of specialized cells -signal If the EGF is received - receptor signduction by the cell , the gene is expressed . Otherwise , if the notch is received , the -sign a reduction signal -response gene is not expressed response receptor

3. On the diagram below, label microtubule, microfilament, and intermediate filament. Then provide a brief description of the structure and function of each of these three elements of the cytoskeleton. Microtubules: Microfilaments: Intermediate Filaments: 4. Refer to Figure 10.7 in your textbook. Describe how the motor protein kinesin moves cargo such as vesicles around the cell. Is this process passive or active? How can you tell? microtubule intermediate microfilament filament hallow , tubelike - made of tubulin dimers (23B) - shape a cell 3 maintain internal structure - cell movement (via cilia) , cell division , resicle transport ⊥ chrom segregation double helix shape - made of polymers of actin monomers - protein filament in euk cells - help cell mobility mechanical stability/cell shape & support -cell movement (crawling) , cell division , vesicle transport cytokinesis * only in animal cells - polymers combine to form long , strong cable-like structures -vary by which cell they are in - shape a cell 3 maintain mechanical strength - plus ends undergo random cycles of rapid depolymerization followed by Slow polymerization - > dynamic instability - allows spindle microtubules to quickly find 3 attach to chroms during cell div - energy of ATP used to move cargo to the plus end of microtubule - active be requires energy to get process done

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