The Skeletal System study guide

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University of Alabama *

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201

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Anatomy

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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4

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The Skeletal System Study Guide 1. Name the major components of the axial skeleton. Name those of the appendicular skeleton. a. Axial: bones of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, sternum b. Appendicular: bones of the arms and legs and bones that attach them to the axial skeleton; the pectoral girdle: scapula and clavicle, pelvic girdle: the coaxial bones 2. Why might one adult have more or less bones than another? a. More or less bones fused to form the sacrum b. Little bone on the back of knee 3. Briefly describe each of the following bone features: condyle; epicondyle; process; tubercle; sulcus; fossa; foramen; facet; head; crest; line; protuberance; tuberosity; spine; trochanter; alveolus; fovea; canal; fissure; meatus a. Condyle: rounded articulation, the long bones have them at their epiphyses (end part) b. Epicondyle: flares of bone that sit on top of condyles c. Process: significant projection d. Tubercle: rounded bumps e. Sulcus: narrow groove where a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel passes through. In between tubercles f. Fossa: shallow basin g. Foramen: hole h. Facet: shallow depression i. Head: round articulation, sits in a deep socket that articulates j. Crest: narrow ridge k. Line: skull, aren’t as obvious. Slight elevations that mark where muscle attaches l. Protuberance: little bump m. Tuberosity: rough raised elevation that you can kind of feel n. Spine: sharp projection o. Trochanter: unique projection where large leg muscles attach p. Alveolus: socket that our teeth sit in q. Fovea: holes or pits in the bone r. Canal: a small hole s. Fissure: slit in the bone t. Meatus: passage way
4. Name the paranasal sinuses and state their locations. Name any other four cavities in the skull a. Paranasal Sinuses i. Frontal: lower forehead ii. Sphenoid: behind the nose iii. Ethmoid: beside the upper nose iv. Maxillary: cheek bones b. Cranial, orbits, nasal, buccal, middle and inner ear cavities 5. Explain the difference between a cranial bone and a facial bone. Give four examples of each a. 8 Cranial bones surround the cranial cavity i. Single or pairs ii. Connected via sutures 1. Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal b. 14 facial bones i. No direct contact with the brain or meninges ii. Give shape and individuality to the face iii. Support the teeth iv. Form part of the orbital and nasal cavities v. Provide attachments for muscles of facial expression and mastication 1. Two maxillae 2. Two palatine bones 3. Two zygomatic bones 4. One mandible 6. How would head movement be affected if vertebrae C1 and C2 had the same structure as vertebrae C3? a. Atlas/Axis Articulation: dens (part of C2) projects through the atlas (C1), held together by the transverse ligament and allows the atlas (C1) to rotate, no intervertebral discs, the two bones sit on top of each other, atlantoaxial joint. 7. Construct a three column table headed C4, T4, and L4. In each column, list all the anatomical features that would distinguish the vertebrae from the other two
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