Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide Spring 2024

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University of South Florida *

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2085

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Anatomy

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Apr 3, 2024

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Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide **DO NOT GOOGLE ANSWERS! Sometimes you will find inconsistencies between the textbook material and the internet. Exam questions will be based on TEXTBOOK material! **Any Notes and/or explanations that are written in the study guides are testable material How to complete the Study Guide questions The Study Guide questions are grouped by textbook Chapter sections and are listed in the order that they appear in the reading. Complete the questions as follows: 1) Read the textbook section. This is important because it will give you the context and background needed to understand and answer the questions. 2) Go to the questions for that section and re-read the section while answering the questions. 3) Answer the questions very carefully. 75% of the exam questions are based on the information in the Chapter Study Guides. Most of the exam questions will not be asked word for word from the Study Guide questions but will be based upon the information. EXAMPLE : Question 5 in Section 1.2 asks: What is the scientific method ? The answer is: The scientific method is a system of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question, and then testing that hypothesis with data collected through observation and experimentation. Questions that could be asked: A) The _____________ is a system of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question, and then testing that hypothesis with data collected through observation and experimentation. ( ANSWER: scientific method ) B) A system of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question, and then testing that hypothesis with data collected through observation and experimentation is called the ____________. ( ANSWER: scientific method ) C) What is the name of the systematic method of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question, and then testing that hypothesis with data collected through observation and experimentation? ( ANSWER: scientific method ) Section 1-1 To make the most of your learning, read the text and view the art together Read section. No questions. Section 1-2 Anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) are closely integrated 1) What is the difference between anatomy and physiology ? Anatomy describes structures of the body, physiology studies functions of anatomical structures. 2) Define gross (microscopic) and microscopic anatomy . Gross anatomy examines large visible structures, microscopic anatomy studies cells and molecules- cytology and histology 3) Define histology . The study of tissues 4) What is the difference between a sign and a symptom . Give examples of each. Symptoms are what the patient perceives and signs are what the doctors perceive. Symptom is a fever, sign is tiredness 5) What is the scientific method ? Form hypothesis based on observations, then test it by collecting and analyzing data Section 1-3 Levels of organization progress from chemicals to complete organisms
1) List the levels of organization from most simple to most complex. Atoms, molecules(groups of atoms), cells, tissues(groups of cells that work together) Organs(two or more tissues working together), Organ System Level (Group of interacting organs) Organism 2) List what each organizational level is comprised of (ie: Tissue: comprised of similar cells which work together) Section 1-4 Medical terminology is important to understanding anatomy and physiology 1) What is Terminologia Anatomica , and why is it important? Section 1-5 Anatomical terms describe body regions, anatomical positions and directions, and body sections 1) Describe the stance of a body in the anatomical position . Standing Upwards, hands at sides, palms fowards 2) Use the information in Spotlight Figure 1-2 Levels of Organization to answer the following: Name the 12 organ systems and list the organs that belong to each. FYI: this figure separates the male and female reproductive systems, due to the various structures that comprise each. This is why I am asking for 12 organ systems, instead of 11. Integumentary- Skin, hair, sweat glands, nails Skeletal- Bones, cartilage, ligaments, bone marrow Muscular- skeletal muscles and tendons Nervous- Brain and spinal cord, peripheral nerves and sense organs Endocrine- pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads, other endocrine tissues in other systems Cardiovascular- Heart, blood, blood vessels Lymphatic- Spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils Respiratory- Nasal cavaties, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli Digestive- Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas Urinary- Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Male reproductive- Testes epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland penis, scrotum Female reproductive- Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands 3) Learning anatomical terms of body regions is imperative when describing specific parts of the body amongst healthcare professionals. When studying the course material this semester, you will see many of the scientific terms that are listed below. Knowledge of these anatomical terms will facilitate learning and understanding of topics that we will cover in subsequent chapters this semester. Use the textbook Figure 1-3 Anatomical Landmarks to complete this question. -What is the common name for the following scientific terms. (ie: popliteal refers to the back of the knee) 1) acromial- Shoulder 11) femoral- femur or thigh 2) antebrachial- relating to the forearm 12) inguinal- groin 3) axillary – pertaining to the armpit 13) ocular- eyes 4) brachial- between the elbow and shoulder joints 14) olecranal- ulna behind elbow joint 5) buccal- cheeks 15) otic- Ear 6) calcaneal- heel 16) pedal- feet 7) carpal- wrist 17) plantar- bottom of the foot 8) cephalic- relates to the head 18) popliteal- back of the knee 9) cervical – neck region in spinal column 19) tarsal- several short bones in the ankle
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