The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07.
Paterson
city (1990 pop. 140,891), seat of Passaic co., NE N.J., at the falls of the Passaic River; inc. 1851. Founded in 1791 by Alexander Hamilton and others of the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures, Paterson was a planned attempt to promote industrial independence in the newly formed United States. In 1792 and 1794 cotton-spinning mills, forerunners of the city’s textile industry, were established. In 1835, Samuel Colt began the manufacture of the Colt revolver. Shortly thereafter the silk industry was established, beginning a silk boom which would earn Paterson the appellation “Silk City of the World.” The iron industry, which initially supplied Paterson with textile machinery, was producing locomotives in great numbers by 1880. After World War I, the aeronautics industry moved to Paterson.
Although the silk industry is gone, textiles and transportation equipment are still made, and there is a large garment industry. Among the many other manufactures are electronic equipment, paper and food products, fabricated metals, rubber, and plastics. During the first half of the 20th cent., notably in 1912–13, 1933, and 1936, many bitter strikes arose from bad labor conditions in the silk industry. The city has gradually become an ethnic center, with significant black and Hispanic populations. High unemployment rates marked Paterson in the late 20th and early 21st cent.
Of special interest is the historic district that centers around the roaring falls of the river. Designated a national historic site in 1970, it is a unique display of industrial history, with old cobblestone streets and stone bridges; the abandoned houses of workmen and mill owners; and industrial works that include several locomotive factories (one dating back to 1830), the Colt gun factory (1835), and historic spinning mills and waterworks.
