| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000. |
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| Special Contributors and Consultants |
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| Usage |
| Geoffrey Nunberg, PhD, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center and Stanford University |
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| Indo-European Roots |
| Calvert Watkins, PhD, Victor S. Thomas Professor of Linguistics and the Classics, Harvard University |
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| Semitic Roots |
| John Huehnergard, PhD, Professor of Semitic Philology, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University |
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| Dialects |
| Allan A. Metcalf, PhD, Professor of English, MacMurray College |
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| Language Variation and Change |
| Natalie Schilling Estes, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics, Georgetown University |
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| John R. Rickford, PhD, Martin Luther King, Jr., Centennial Professor of Linguistics, Stanford University |
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| Etymology Consultants |
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| Chinese |
| Jun Qian, PhD, Associate Professor of English, Beijing University |
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| Hawaiian |
| William H. Wilson, PhD, Professor of Hawaiian and Hawaiian Studies, University of Hawaii |
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| Inuit/Eskimo Languages |
| Jerrold M. Sadock, PhD, Glen A. Lloyd Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Linguistics, University of Chicago |
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Iranian Languages
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| P. Oktor Skjærvø, PhD, Aga Khan Professor of Iranian, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University |
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| Carib Languages |
| Spike Gildea, PhD, Associate Professor of Linguistics, Rice University |
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| Turkic Languages |
| Alexander Lehrman, PhD, Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Delaware |
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| Special Consultants |
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| Anthropology |
| Rosemary A. Joyce, PhD, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley |
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| Architecture |
| James S. Ackerman, PhD, Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Fine Arts, Harvard University |
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| Cinema |
| Mark Garrett Cooper, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of English, Florida State University |
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| Dance |
| Thomas Guzman-Sanchez, Urban Dance Scholar and Historian, Los Angeles |
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| Law |
| Sanford N. Katz, JD, Professor of Law, Boston College |
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| Mathematics |
| Keith Conrad, PhD, Zassenhaus Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University |
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| Military Science and Weapons |
| Dennis E. Showalter, PhD, Professor of History, Colorado College |
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| Music |
| Edmund J. Goehring, PhD, Assistant Professor, Program of Liberal Studies, University of Notre Dame |
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| Ivan Kreilkamp, PhD |
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| Nautical |
| Richard Sherwood |
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| Philosophy |
| Tamar Szabó Gendler, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Syracuse University |
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| Religion |
| William A. Graham, PhD, Professor of the History of Religion and Islamic Studies, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University (Islamic) |
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| Miriam L. Levering, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Religious Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville (Asian) |
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| Science and Technology: |
| Christopher D. Bedford, CCM, Chief Meteorologist, Sailing Weather Services |
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| Rufus W. Burlingame, PhD, Senior Scientist, INOVA Diagnostics, San Diego (Genetics, Immunology, Biochemistry) |
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| Chryssostomos Chryssostomidis, PhD, Department Head, Department of Ocean Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Director, MIT Sea Grant College Program |
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| Bryan E. Dutton, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth OR (Botany) |
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| William S. Haubrich, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Scripps Clinical Research Foundation (Retired) (Medical) |
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| William McCloskey, PharmD, Associate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, DDector of the Drug Information Center, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences (Pharmacology) |
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| R. Dwayne Ramey, PhD, Assistant Professor of Physics, Tennessee State University (Physics and Astronomy) |
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| Nada Stotland, MD, Chair, Department of Psychiatry, Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago IL; Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical College (Psychology/Psychiatry) |
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| Lawrence G. Weathers, Science Coordinator and Project DDector, Systems Dynamics in K-12 Education, Harvard Public Schools, Harvard MA (Physics) |
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| Timothy Webster (Computer Science) |
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| Sports |
| Mike Meserole, Author, essayist, editor |
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| Previous Contributors and Consultants |
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| G.W. Abernathy, PhD | | Hilary Kornblith, PhD |
| Donald C.S. Allison, PhD | | Henry Ku era, PhD |
| Richard Allsopp, PhD | | Robert M. Landis, JD, LLD |
| Deborah W. Anderson, PhD | | Jonathan P. Latimer |
| William Ira Bennett, MD | | Alexander Lehrman, PhD |
| Stephen A. Bladey | | James P. Marciano |
| Daniel P. Bolger, PhD | | Lynn Margulis, PhD |
| William S. Bonds, PhD | | Sharon L. Marshall, PhD, MD |
| Sheila Ewing Browne, PhD | | Martin E. Marty, PhD |
| Neal D. Buffaloe, PhD | | Richard P. McBrien, STD |
| Craig M. Carver, PhD | | Vincent P. McCarren, PhD |
| Hipólito Rafael Chacón | | Paul Mendes-Flohr, PhD |
| George N. Clements, PhD | | Reuven Merkin, PhD |
| F.J. Collier | | Marilyn S. Miller |
| Jim A. Craig | | Robert N. Mory, PhD |
| Robert W. Creamer | | Ted J. Murphy |
| Thomas Creamer | | Mara Peets |
| Donna Cremans | | Lee Pederson, PhD |
| Mary Davenport | | Martha Fairman Phelps |
| Pamela Burton DeVinne | | J.W. Pierce, PhD |
| Patrick S. Diehl, PhD | | Sr. Mary Dominic Pitts, OP, PhD |
| Kaethe Ellis | | Daniel G. Prior |
| Brooks B. Ellwood, PhD | | C.E. Ray, Jr. |
| R.J. Emry, PhD | | Frank E. Reynolds, PhD |
| Frank Espey, MD | | David W. Ruddy |
| Paul G. Evenson | | David L. Scott, PhD |
| Edward F. Ford | | Richard Evans Schultes, PhD |
| John A. Garraty, PhD | | Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz |
| Ives Goddard, PhD | | P. Adams Sitney, PhD |
| The Very Rev. Dmitri Griegorieff, PhD | |
Anne H. Soukhanov |
| Van A. Harvey, PhD | | Richard F. Townsend, PhD |
| H. Kristina Haugland, MA | | James Trefil, PhD |
| Marvin L. Herzog, PhD | | Jack D. Van Horn, PhD |
| Nicholas Hotton III, PhD | | Rex E. Wallace, PhD |
| Martin E. Huld, PhD | | Mary Waters, PhD |
| David B. Johnson, PhD | | David M. Weeks, PhD |
| Brian D. Joseph, PhD | | Roger D. Woodard, PhD |
| Lionel S. Joseph, PhD | | David M. Yerkes, PhD |
| Sara E. Kimball, PhD | | R. David Zorc, PhD |
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| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. |
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